Exposé complet en anglais sur les coups d’états militaires en Afrique – AK

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WORK PLAN

INTRODUCTION

I-ORIGIN AND DEFINITION OF WORD “MILITARY COUPS”

II-THE CAUSES OF MILITARY COUPS IN AFRICA

III-THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS PHENOMENON

IV-THE SOLUTIONS TO FIGHT AGAINST MILITARY COUPS IN AFRICA

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Since independence, the African countries are distinguished by the fundamentally praetorian character of their governance. Military interference in the political sphere is a recurring feature of their respective trajectories. August 2020 to January 2022, four military coups took place in the French-Speaking world in Mali, Chad, Guinea and Burkina Faso. However, this part of the continent was renowned for its political stability and its relative good democratic health. these new coups, like the one in Sudan in October 2021, confirm this tendency of the military to want to take over the reins of the state. What explains this? What impacts on the African Continent? What Solutions are recommended to eradicate Military Coups in Africa Continent? Is Africa really ready for democracy? To carry out our work, we will carefully examine the above questions.

I-Origin and Definition of Word ‘’Military Coups’’

The term ‘’Putsch’’ of Swiss German origin ,specifies that Military coup effected by armed force .it’s commonly used in French ,more rarely in English which uses the French formula or its abbreviated version ,coup .The term ‘’Putsch’’ comes from Zuriputsch of 1839,was popularized by the failed coups of 1920 and 1923 in Germany(kapp putsch in Berlin and putsch of the Brewery in Munich).The expression ‘’blow of state ‘’ has passed in particular in Indonesian and japense .The term Pronunciamiento ,take from Spanish, refers to uprising soldiers of a different type. IN this language, the expression golpe de Estado literally translate the nominal sentence of ‘’Military coup’’.

A Military coup is an illegal and often brutal overthrow of power by a person in authority .it’s  distinguished from a revolution in the latter is popular .The putsch is a Military coup carried out by force of arms According Jonathan Powell and Clayton Thyn ,Researchers ,a ‘’Military coup’’ design as ‘’ an :act of authority consisting in deliberate ,illegal and sudden attack on the rules of organization ,functioning or competence of the constituted authorities ,directed attack ,according to a preconceived plan and for various reasons ,by a person or by a group of people united in a part or a body ;with the aim either of seizing power ,or of defending or to strengthen its position, or to bring about a just modification of the political orientation of the country’’.

II-THE Causes of Military Coups in Africa

From 1959 to 2021, the continent recorded 154military coups. what explains an increasing military coups in Africa Continent in later years? the causes can be others and: In Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea and even more chad, in Sudan, the soldier never been far from power: their influence weighed on the State, if they did not occupy the seat of its leader. Also…

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